A Life-Saving Test: Sarah’s Story

Sarah, a 48-year-old mother of two, never thought she was at risk for colon cancer. She lived a relatively healthy lifestyle, exercised occasionally, and had no family history of the disease. However, she began experiencing persistent bloating, changes in bowel habits, and occasional blood in her stool. At first, she dismissed the symptoms, attributing them to stress and diet changes. But as the symptoms persisted, her doctor recommended a non-invasive stool test. The results showed abnormal markers, leading to a follow-up colonoscopy, which confirmed early-stage colon cancer. Because it was detected early, Sarah underwent successful treatment and is now cancer-free.

Sarah’s story highlights the importance of early detection through routine colon cancer screening. With various testing options available today, understanding these methods can help save lives.

How Do They Test for Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer screening helps detect precancerous polyps or early-stage cancer before symptoms appear. Here are the most common testing methods:

1. Colonoscopy (Gold Standard Test)

• A colonoscope (thin, flexible tube with a camera) is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
• If polyps are found, they can be removed immediately.
• Recommended every 10 years for individuals aged 45+ (or earlier for those at higher risk).

2. Stool-Based Tests (Non-Invasive Options)

• Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): Detects hidden blood in the stool.
• Guaiac-Based Fecal Occult Blood Test (gFOBT): Uses a chemical reaction to find blood.
• Stool DNA Test (Cologuard): Detects blood and DNA mutations linked to cancer.
• Accuracy: FIT and gFOBT detect 70-80% of cancers, while Cologuard has a 92% detection rate.

3. Blood Tests (Emerging Technology)

• While no single blood test can diagnose colon cancer, tests like Septin 9 DNA test (Epi proColon) check for tumor markers.
• Accuracy: Blood tests alone are not as reliable as stool tests or colonoscopy but can be used for risk assessment.

4. Imaging Tests

• CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): A less invasive CT scan of the colon.
• Sigmoidoscopy: Examines only the lower part of the colon.
• Capsule Endoscopy: A swallowed capsule camera captures images of the intestines.

Test for Colon Cancer Without Colonoscopy

Many people avoid colonoscopies due to discomfort or fear. Fortunately, less invasive alternatives exist:
✅ Stool-based tests (FIT, gFOBT, Cologuard)
✅ CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
✅ Blood-based tests (Epi proColon)
While these tests are useful, a colonoscopy remains the most accurate method for detecting and removing precancerous polyps.

What Are the 7 Warning Signs of Colon Cancer?

Early symptoms can be subtle, but recognizing them early is crucial.
1️⃣ Blood in stool (bright red or dark)
2️⃣ Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation)
3️⃣ Unexplained weight loss
4️⃣ Ongoing abdominal pain or cramping
5️⃣ Feeling of incomplete bowel movements
6️⃣ Fatigue and weakness
7️⃣ Unexplained iron deficiency anemia

📌 Fact: 40% of colon cancer cases are detected late because symptoms are often ignored (National Cancer Institute). If you notice any of these warning signs, consult your doctor immediately.

Can Colon Cancer Be Detected by a Blood Test?

While blood tests alone are not sufficient to diagnose colon cancer, they can detect biomarkers linked to cancer.

• Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Test: Measures CEA protein, which may be elevated in colon cancer.
• Septin 9 DNA Test: Detects tumor DNA in blood.
• Accuracy: Blood tests are not a substitute for colonoscopy or stool tests but can indicate a need for further testing.

How Accurate Is the Stool Test for Colon Cancer?

✅ FIT Test: Detects 70-80% of colon cancers.
✅ gFOBT: Less accurate than FIT, requires dietary restrictions before testing.
✅ Cologuard (Stool DNA Test): Detects 92% of colon cancers but has a false positive rate of 13%.

🔹 Best Use: Stool tests are ideal for those who cannot or do not want a colonoscopy. However, a positive stool test result requires follow-up with a colonoscopy.

How to Avoid Colon Cancer?

While colon cancer is not 100% preventable, lifestyle changes and screenings significantly reduce the risk.

1. Get Regular Screenings

✔️ Colonoscopy: Start at age 45 (earlier if high risk).
✔️ Stool tests: Annually if colonoscopy is not an option.
✔️ Genetic Testing: If you have a family history.

2. Eat a Colon-Healthy Diet

🍎 High-fiber foods (vegetables, fruits, whole grains) reduce risk.
🥩 Limit red and processed meats—linked to 20% higher risk.
🥑 Healthy fats (avocados, nuts, olive oil) help reduce inflammation.
💧 Stay hydrated—drink at least 8 glasses of water daily.

3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

🏃 Exercise regularly—30 minutes a day lowers risk.
🚭 Quit smoking and limit alcohol—heavy drinking increases risk by 50%.
⚖️ Maintain a healthy weight—obesity is a major risk factor.

4. Know Your Family History

👨‍⚕️ If colon cancer runs in your family, talk to your doctor about earlier or more frequent screenings.

Conclusion

Early detection is the most powerful weapon against colon cancer. As Sarah’s story shows, paying attention to symptoms and getting tested—even with non-invasive options—can save lives. Whether through colonoscopy, stool tests, or blood tests, regular screening is essential for catching colon cancer early when it’s most treatable.

If you’re over 45 or have risk factors, don’t wait—schedule your screening today! Your health is worth it.

📢 Have you had your colon cancer test? Share your experience and spread awareness!